Species identification of Ligustrum lucidum / 中国中药杂志

Ligustrum lucidum is a woody perennial plant of genus Ligustrum in family Oleaceae. Its dried fruit has high medicinal value. In this study, the authors evaluated the variability and species identification efficiency of three specific DAN barcodes(rbcL-accD, ycf1a, ycf1b) and four general DAN barcodes(matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, ITS2) for a rapid and accurate molecular identification of Ligustrum species. The results revealed that matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, ITS2 and ycf1a were inefficient for identifying the Ligustrum species, and a large number of insertions and deletions were observed in rbcL-accD sequence, which was thus unsuitable for development as specific barcode. The ycf1b-2 barcode had DNA barcoding gap and high success rate of PCR amplification and DNA sequencing, which was the most suitable DNA barcode for L. lucidum identification and achieved an accurate result. In addition, to optimize the DNA extraction experiment, the authors extracted and analyzed the DNA of the exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp and seed of L. lucidum fruit. It was found that seed was the most effective part for DNA extraction, where DNAs of high concentration and quality were obtained, meeting the needs of species identification. In this study, the experimental method for DNA extraction of L. lucidum was optimized, and the seed was determined as the optimal part for DNA extraction and ycf1b-2 was the specific DNA barcode for L. lucidum identification. This study laid a foundation for the market regulation of L. lucidum.

Epidemiological analysis of food poisoning deaths in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, 2010-2019 / 上海预防医学

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of food poisoning deaths in Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2019, so as to provide the basis for formulating the strategies and measures for prevention and control of food poisoning deaths in Wenshan Prefecture. Methods The data of food poisoning deaths in Wenshan Prefecture from 2010 to 2019 were collected and analyzed by Excel software. Results From 2010 to 2019, 65 food poisoning deaths were reported, accounting for 7.5% of the food poisoning incidents in the same period.The fatality rate of food poisoning deaths was 36.7%, and the mortality rate of food poisoning events in the same period was 2.1%.The high incidence of food poisoning deaths occurred in summer and autumn, with the highest in June and July.Wild mushroom poisoning was the main cause of death in food poisoning, and the incidence was mainly in rural families. Conclusion Wild mushroom poisoning should be the focus of controlling food poisoning deaths in Wenshan Prefecture.It is necessary to strengthen public education, improve people′s ability to identify edible wild mushrooms, strengthen the building of capacity of medical institutions in towns and villages, and establish a long-term mechanism for food safety management.

The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Acute Liver Injury Induced by Traumatic Stress in Rats / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in acute liver injury induced by crushing hind limbs of rats.@*METHODS@#The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: control, crushing, H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) + crushing, H2S inhibitor propargylglycine (PAG) + crushing group. The acute liver injury model was established by 'crushing the hind limbs of rats with standard weight. Rats were sacrificed at 30 min and 120 min after the crush. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured by colorimetric method, and the content of H2S in plasma and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, glutathione (GSH) in the liver and the activity of H2S generating enzyme (cystathionine y-lyase, CSE) were determined by chemical method. The expression of CSE mRNA in liver was detected by RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#For crush injury group, the levels of AST and ALT in serum, MDA and protein carbonyl in liver increased. The levels of GSH, CSE, CSE mRNA in liver and H2S in serum decreased. The administration of NaHS before limbs crush could attenuate the changes of liver injury, but the pre-treatment with PAG could exacerbate the changes.@*CONCLUSION@#The decrease of H2S production could involve in mediating the acute liver injury induced by traumatic stress in rats.

Organization and management of the treatment for the wounded in 8.12 Tinjin Port Explosion, China / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Tianjin Medical University General Hospital treated 233 wounded in 8.12 Tinjin Port explosion. Here we would like to analyze the treatment process for the wounded, and share the experiences of orga- nization and management for emergency rescue operation.

Apoptosis in adult mouse brain after chronic poisoning of ketamine / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of chronic poisoning of ketamine on brain cell apoptosis in adult mouse under different duration and doses.@*METHODS@#The mouse model of chronic poisoning of ketamine was established on adult mouse by tail vein injection of ketamine twice every week with different doses (4, 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg). The mice were sacrificed after continuous injection of ketamine of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The qualitative assessment of apoptosis was made by transmission electron microscope and the quantitative assessment was made by Caspase-3 immumofluorescence staining method and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) to estimate the time point of apoptosis. All the experimental results were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The neuron apoptosis was observed in hippocampus and corpus striatum by transmission electron microscope one week after administration, and continued for eight weeks. High level of Caspase-3 expression was observed one week after administration, but with a low level expression after 4 weeks. The number of TUNEL positive cells obviously increased one week after administration and maintained in a high number at 4 weeks.@*CONCLUSION@#Ketamine by tail vein injection could induce neuron apoptosis in adult mouse.

Diagnosis and treatment of 51 patients with pancreatic islet cell tumors / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic islet cell tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-one patients with islet cell tumors treated in our department from January 1991 to April 2011 were included in this study. The data of clinical features, diagnosis and treatment were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 51 cases, 38 cases showed typical Whipple's triad, and the other 13 cases were non-functional islet cell tumors. In these 13 cases, 5 patients had no specific clinical symptoms, and 8 patients had abdominal distending pain. The positive rates of imaging were: B-ultrasound 43.1%, multi-slice spiral CT 69.8%; MRI 62.5%, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) 64.7% (11/17), and intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) 96.3%, the differences among them were statistically significant (P<0.05). All patients underwent surgical treatment. Postoperative pancreatic leakage happened in 6 cases. Finally all the patients recovered after effective external drainage, anti-infection treatment and nutritional support.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) has a higher accuracy in the diagnosis of pancreatic islet cell tumors, compared with preoperative B-ultrasonography, CT, MRI, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). The most effective treatment of this disease is surgery.</p>

The effect of the adverse events with thiopurine S-methyltransferase gene mutation on outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity and gene promoter polymorphism to probe its significance of individual chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HPLC method was carried out to determine TPMT activity (n=100), which activity at newly diagnosed. At the same time determination of TPMT activity in healthy children (n=180), these children come from the health care clinic. Using online primer3 software design primers, PCR products were purified. To sequence TPMT gene of the patients with clinical events(n=30). According to the method to analysis of correlation between TPMT activity and toxicity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average TPMT activities were (31.72±10.31) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹ and (30.70±9.67) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹ in ALL and healthy groups respectively, without gender differences of TPMT activities (P=0.45) in both groups. The TPMT activity with clinical events in newly diagnosed ALL patients (n=30) was (24.07±11.43) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹. There are significant differences of TPMT activities between severe bone marrow suppression [(20.96±7.24) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹] and ALL patients with clinical events groups (P<0.05). The TPMT activity of (40.46±8.18) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹ in recurrence children was also significantly different (P<0.05). TPMT activity in severe liver toxicity group was not significantly different (P=0. 930). Of TPMT gene sequencing in ALL patients with clinical events, only 3 children were heterozygosity mutations of TPMT*3C, while others homozygous genotype. There were significant differences of TPMT activities between heterozygosity genotype [(11.99±1.32) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹] and homozygous genotype groups [(24.95±11.32) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹] (P<0.05). There were five kinds of variations at the vicinity of the promoter region of -100 of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism（*V3/*V3、*V3/*V4、*V4/*V4、*V5/*V5、*V4/*V6）without significant differences of TPMT activities among five kinds (P=0.186).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TPMT activity was related to the gene polymorphism. TPMT activity determination had prognostic value and guided individualized treatment.</p>

The correlation between ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like signs in mice and the expressions of NRG1, ErbB4 mRNA / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the correlation between signs similar to schizophrenia in mice after ketamine administration and the expressions of NRG1 and ErbB4 mRNA in order to explain the possible pathogenesis of schizophrenia.@*METHODS@#Fifty KM mice were randomly divided into 5 groups which were administered intraperitoneally with saline, clozapine and different dosages ketamine. The ketamine groups were administered intraperitoneally with low dosage (25 mg/kg), middle dosage (50 mg/kg) and high dosage (100 mg/kg) one time every day for 7 days. After administration of 100 mg/kg ketamine for 7 days, the clozapine group was introgastrically administered 20 mg/kg with clozapine one time every day for 7 days. The pathological changes of hippocampus neurons were observed by HE stain. The expressions of the NRG1 and ErbB4 mRNA in hippocampus were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).@*RESULTS@#In the group with high dosage of ketamine, the levels of NRG1 and ErbB4 mRNA were significantly lower than that of the group with saline.@*CONCLUSION@#Ketamine may induce signs similar to schizophrenia in KM mice. The mechanism may be involved in the reduction of NRG1 and ErbB4 mRNA expression.

Study on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism among 771 in-patients with ischemic stroke / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in in-patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A total number of 771 in-patients with ischemic stroke, hospitalized in the Department of Neurology/Endocrinology from Changzhou No.2 Hospital from April 2007 to April 2008 were enrolled in this study. After identifying the condition of glucose metabolism, all diagnosis-undetermined patients received oral glucose tolerance test. Results Among in-patients with ischemic stroke, 41.8% of the patients were finally diagnosed as diabetes, with 23.4% classified as 'impaired glucose tolerance'. The prevalence of 'abnormal glucose metabolism' was 65.2% in total. If diabetes in the in-patients with ischemic stroke was diagnosed only by fast plasma glucose instead of oral glucose tolerance test, 58.5% diabetic patients would have been misdiagnosed. Abnormal lipid metabolism existed in inpatients with cerebral ischemic stroke were noticed. These abnormalities of lipid metabolism were mainly consisting of increased triglyceride and decreased HDL-C cholesterol. Conclusion The majority of in-patients with ischemic stroke appeared to have had abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. It seemed necessary to promptly and correctly diagnose these patients with abnormal glucose metabolism by oral glucose tolerance test to reduce the chances of developing the recurrence of stroke.

Parental anxiety and quality of life of epileptic children / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of parental anxiety associated with epileptic children, and to explore whether and how this specific condition affects children's quality of life (QOL), and what are the significant determinants for parental anxiety.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and forty parents whose children were affected with known epilepsy were enrolled in the study. Questionnaires for quality of life in childhood epilepsy (QOLCE), and hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) of parents were used to collect demographic data of both children and their parents, as well as clinical manifestations of epilepsy and family status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Parental anxiety (of any severity) was observed in 191 subjects at interview, giving a prevalence rate of 56.2%. Of the 191 subjects, 18.5% reported mild anxiety, 24.4% moderate anxiety, and 13.2% severe anxiety. Factors associated with parental anxiety included frequency of seizure in children, average monthly income per person and parents' knowledge about epilepsy (P < 0.05). Parental anxiety significantly (P = 0.000) correlated with quality of life of children with epilepsy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Parents of children with epilepsy are at high risk of having anxiety. Factors associated with parental anxiety originate both from children and from parents. Parental anxiety is significantly related with children's QOL. It is important for experts concerned to recognize such a relationship to improve the QOL of children and their parents.</p>

Out-patient and Family Rehabilitation of Children with Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of out-patient training combined with family training under doctor's instructions on children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods80 CP children were selected as treatment group and trained one to three months by therapists at out-patient department, then continually trained at family by parents who received doctor's instructions 30 min once every two or three months. 60 CP children in hospital were selected as control group. Rehabilitative effects of two groups were compared.ResultsIn the first and third month after training completed, movement growth of treatment group was not different from that of control group (P>0.05), but in the sixth month, was significant different from that of control group (P<0.05). The effect of treatment group was better than that of control group.ConclusionOut-patient training combined with family training under doctor's instructions can decrease treatment expenses, and is convenient and effective for CP children.

Effect of 5-fluorouracil in combination with Astragalus membranaceus on amino acid metabolism in mice model of gastric carcinoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of 5-fluorouracil-FU in combination with astragalus membranaceus(AM) on amino acid metabolism in mice model of gastric carcinoma induced by 3-methylcholanthrene(MC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mice gastric carcinoma models were established by 3-methylcholanthrene induction and randomly divided into different groups, and received 5-FU treatment (group A) 5-FU plus AM (group B), 5-FU plus a high dose of AM(group C), no treatment (group D). Normal mice were used as control (group N). Free amino acid in the tumor specimens were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of free Valine, Methionine, Leucine, Arginine and cystine in the tumor specimens in group D were significantly higher than that in group N(P< 0.05). The levels of free serine in group A, B, C, D were significantly higher than that in group N. The levels of free glutamic acid in group A, B were significantly higher than that in group N(P< 0.05). The levels of free proline in group C, D were significantly higher than that in group P, N(P< 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The increasing levels of free serine and proline in tumor specimens in gastric cancer mice model reveals metabolic disturbance of amino acid. 5-FU plus astragalus membranaceus can decrease the level of free glutamic acid in the mice models, and inhibit tumor growth.</p>

Sampling survey of disability in 0-6 year-old children in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the current status of disabled children and prevalence of disabilities in children aged 0-6 years and their risk factors, and to provide scientific evidence for making relevant policies for disabled children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In a community-based cross-sectional study, multi-phase, stratified, unequal proportional and cluster sampling was adopted to survey 60 124 children aged 0-6 years. All the investigated children were screened for disabilities, and those with positive screening tests were further diagnosed by various specialties.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 819 children were diagnosed as disabled with an overall prevalence of 1.362%, 0.155% for hearing disability, 0.160% for visual disability, 0.931% for intelligent disability, 0.424% for limb disability, and 0.101% for mental disability. Prevalence of disability in children was higher in rural areas, and in families with two or more children, low educational level or in divorced families.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of disability can be reduced by economic development, improvement of health care and quality of population, as well as harmonious familial relationship, early prevention of disability, and preschool education for disabled children.</p>

Cell penetrating peptides enhance intracellular translocation and function of siRNA encapsulated in Pegylated liposomes / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To prepare the PEGylated liposomes modified with cell penetrating peptides, which protect siRNA from nuclease degradation and deliver efficiently siRNA into cells to facilitate silencing of target gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The purity of R8-PEG-PE and pNP-PEG-PE was detected by HPLC; the quantity of R8, PEG-DPPE modified R8, and R8 attached to the out membrane surface of the liposomal siRNA by transfer from R8-PEG-DPPE micelles to the liposomes was tested by fluorescence; Size and size distribution of siRNA loaded liposomes with and without attached R8 were determined by Zetasizer 5000; A comparison of mediated siRNA transfection efficiency between R8-liposomes and lipofectamine 2000 was examined by individual inside cell fluorescence intensity; The growth inhibition of small cell lung carcinoma NCI-H446 cells treated with R8-liposomal hdm2-siRNA or lipofectamine 2000-hdm2-siRNA complex was tested by MTT assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The retention times of PEG-DPPE and R8-PEG-DPPE were 9.0 min and 7.8 min, respectively. Fluorescence scanning indicated that lipids composed of liposomes and siRNAs didn't interfere to the determination of R8 when it was attached to the liposomal siRNA. The cells treated with R8-liposomal hdm2-siRNA significantly enhanced the cellular uptake of hdm2-siRNA and facilitated the functions of hdm2-siRNA through silencing of target gene which, in turn, inhibited tumor cell growth, compared with lipofectamine 2000.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The R8 attached liposomes are shown to be powerful carriers for delivery siRNAs into cell to silence targeted gene.</p>

A cross-sectional study on prevalance and risk factors of disabilities in aged 0-6 years children in Beijing, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the epidemiological status of disabilities on vision impairment (VI), hearing loss (HL), mental retardation (MR), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and motor disorder (MD) in aged 0-6 years old children in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 28 738 children under 7 years old were recruited from permanent residents of Beijing City by 2-phase cluster sampling. The screening procedure was 2-phase, and the diagnosis criteria were developed by the experts group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall disability rate was 11.45 per thousand (95 % CI:10.22-12.68). The false negative rates in HL and ASD were 0.14 per thousand, 0.80 per thousand, respectively, with a adjusted overall rate of 12.19per thousand. The prevalence rates of different kind disabilities from high to low were MR 9.31per thousand, MD 2.12per thousand, ASD 1.53per thousand (0.73per thousand before adjusted), HL 1.04per thousand (0.91per thousand before adjusted) VI 0.73per thousand. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the possible non-biological risk factors for those disabilities were being male, living in city area, advancing age, mother with low education, mother engaged in labor work, and family with low income. It was primarily (49.62%) those prenatal factors other them the known suspected factors that causing disabilities.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with data from a countrywide study in 1987, the overall disability rate had a mild decrease (16.36%) with the most (56.85%) appeared in HL. It is indispensable to establish a disabilities surveillance program for the early recognition and intervention of children with disabilities. It is also crucial to clarify a disability definition for children combined with their characteristics of growth and development. We strongly recommended in developing a new definition on children' disabilities and establishing new criteria according to the contents of developmental disabilities of Center for Disease Control, USA.</p>

The related factors influencing development of language understanding and expression of early-children / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the level of language understanding and expression of healthy children aged from 8 to 16 months in urban Beijing and to investigate the children's physical and psychological development conditions and social and economic status of children's family as to identifying the related factors to children's language development and providing a basis for instructing parents child-rearing and promoting early children language development.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A quantitative Cross-sectional Study was made. The parents or care givers of 636 healthy young children, randomly stratified and selected in two districts in Beijing were interviewed. T-test was used to compare the scores of language understanding and expression between boys and girls in the same age. Single and multiple factors analysis were used so as to find out the related factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For boys, the average scores of language were respectively 115.0 for 8 months, 243.0 for 12 months and 410.6 for 16 months; for girls the average scores were respectively 109.9 for 8 months, 286.4 for 12 months and 456.2 for 16 months. The average score of language understanding of boys was higher than that of girls only in the 11 month group. The average scores of language expression of girls were higher than those of boys in 11, 12, 14, 15 month groups. Multiple factors analysis showed that parent-child book reading, parent-child tape listening, higher education level of grandmothers, children' extroversion personality, child being able to speak one word and children's age were positively related to the children' language score.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Providing rich language environment should be helpful to early children's language development.</p>

Individual and family factors influencing vocabulary development in toddlers / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Many researchers have conducted studies on child language development and relevant risk factors, but most of these studies were about English-speaking children and few of them were on Chinese-speaking children, and less reports of studies on language development of infants or toddlers are available as compared to those on children above 3 years of age. The objective of this study was to assess the level of vocabulary development of healthy toddlers in urban Beijing and to investigate toddlers' physical and psychological development and socioeconomic status of toddlers' family so as to identify factors related to toddlers' language development and provide basis for instructing parents child-rearing.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. Using Chinese Communicative Development Inventory mandarin version, (CCDI) and related background questionnaire, a survey was conducted among the parents or care givers of 1056 healthy toddlers (16 approximately 30 months), randomly stratified and selected from two areas of four urban districts in Beijing. The children who were born prematurely, who had low birth weight, or who were deaf, dumb or with disability, were excluded from this study. The mothers who were deaf, dumb or having disability were not included in this study, either. Rank sum test was used to compare the vocabulary scores between boys and girls at the same age. Single and multiple factors analysis were used to find related factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>By 16 months of age, boys could speak about 22 words and girls 84 words on the CCDI. By 29 - 30 months of age, boys could speak about 725 words and girls 752 words on the CCDI. The level of vocabulary development of healthy toddlers in urban Beijing was higher than that reported in previous studies of English-speaking children. Girls had higher vocabulary scores than boys in a few different age groups. Single factor analysis showed that the ages of father and mother, income of father, the language used by care-givers and GDP of the families were factors related to families of toddlers and the age, gender, height, weight and the age at which the toddlers began to speak were factors related to individuals. Multiple factors analysis showed that higher education level of mothers, younger father, earlier beginning of children to speak, toddlers' amiable disposition and emotion, girls, toddlers' age and height positively correlated with toddlers' vocabulary score.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The level of vocabulary development of healthy toddlers in urban Beijing is on the high side. Certain individual and familial factors may influence toddlers' language development. It is suggested that health workers should pay attention to the toddlers' language development. The toddlers' parents and caregivers should be taught how to interact with and talk to their children and how to promote children to develop healthy disposition and emotion.</p>